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Due to the global advancement of AI, the AI robot dogs industry are also growing.
AI robot dogs can function like real dogs to humans. However, AI robot dogs can pose a variety of unexpected risks compared to real dogs. However, Korea's tort liability and insurance laws are failing to adapt to the pace of scientific advancement.
Despite the conflicting academic views, it's difficult to hold the user of an AI robot dogs liable for causing harm to another person because AI software is not considered a "good" under civil law and autonomously learns and thinks.
For the same reason, AI is not considered a "product" under Korean product liability law because it is not a "thing" under Korean civil law. Liability for "manufacturing or design defects" also does not apply to AI because it continues to learn and think even after the buyer received it. ¡¸DIRECTIVE (EU) 2024/2853¡¹ is instructive because it defines software as a product and imposes strict liability on economic entities.
Meanwhile, mandating liability insurance for AI robot dogs owners could be a good alternative. However, Korean law currently mandates liability insurance only for drones. And liability insurance is only mandated for autonomous vehicles and autonomous ships in research and demonstration zones. In this regard, ¡¸UK Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018¡¹ is instructive because this law stipulates insurance companies' liability for damages caused by autonomous vehicles, prohibits autonomous vehicle owners from modifying their software, and imposes an update obligation on owners. Germany's Road Traffic Act is also instructive because this law imposes no-fault liability on autonomous vehicle owners and expands the compensation limits for accidents occurring while in autonomous driving mode.
Korea and other major countries adopting a negligence-based legal system are discussing no-fault insurance to avoid the difficulty of determining liability in AI-related accidents. No-fault insurance allows the victim's insurance company to promptly pay out insurance benefits to the victim, regardless of who is at fault.
However, to prevent moral hazard and ensure the coexistence of the AI industry and insurance companies, various obligations are being discussed for the insured. For example, software manipulation prohibiton and update obligation for AI robot dogs, and leashe obligation when outdoors.





